How Many House of Representatives Does New Jersey Have

The Us Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and consists of two houses: the lower firm known as the House of Representatives and the upper house known as the Senate. The words "Congress" and "Business firm" are sometimes used colloquially to refer to the House of Representatives. There are 535 members of Congress: 100 senators and 435 representatives in the Firm.

Republicans currently control the Senate (54 to 44 Democrats) and the House (246 to 188).

Comparison chart

House of Representatives versus Senate comparing chart

	Business firm of Representatives	Senate
Introduction	The United States House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the Usa Congress. It is frequently referred to every bit the Firm.	The United states of america Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the The states Congress.
Type	Lower business firm. Responds to the needs of the people faster since representatives merely have a ii year term. Laws dealing with revenue must start in the House.	Upper house. The six year term ways the Senate tin can be slower and consider the long-term effects of laws.
Seats	435 voting members, 6 non-voting members: 5 delegates, 1 resident commissioner	100
Seats apportioned	Based on the population of each state	Two for each state
Length of term	two years. All 435 seats are upwardly for reelection every two years.	half-dozen years. Here in that location is a continuous torso thought. Only 1/3 of the senate seats are elected every two years. So but 34 or 33 senators are up for election at one time.
Term limits	None	None
Leadership	Nancy Pelosi (D) (Speaker); elected by the House of Representatives.	The President of the Senate [currently Kamala Harris (D) merely votes in case of a tie. When he or she is not bachelor, the President pro tempore, a senator elected by the Senate [currently Patrick Leahy (D)] takes over on his behalf.
Majority Leader	Steny Hoyer (D)	Chuck Schumer (D)
Minority Leader	Kevin McCarthy (R)	Mitch McConnell (R)
Majority Whip	James Clyburn (D)	John Thune (R)
Minority Whip	Steve Scalise (R)	Dick Durbin (D)
Political groups	Autonomous (219), Republican (211), 5 vacant seats	Republican (48), Democratic (48), Independent (two)
Voting system	Commencement-past-the-post	First-by-the-post
History	Based on Virginia Programme	Based on New Jersey Plan

Size of Senate vs. Firm

While there are 100 seats in the Senate (ii senators from each state), in that location are 435 seats in the Business firm of Representatives (one representative from each of the various congressional districts, with the number of congressional districts in each land determined by the population).

The Reapportionment Human action of 1929 set the final number of the House at the current 435, with district sizes adjusted according to population growth. However, equally district borders were never defined definitively, they can and often do stretch into peculiar shapes due to a practise known equally gerrymandering.

Gerrymandering is used at the state legislature level to create districts that overwhelmingly favor 1 party. Federal and Supreme Courtroom rulings have overturned gerrymandering efforts that have been perceived to exist based on race, but otherwise some districts accept been reconfigured to requite one or another political party an extreme political reward, thus allowing that political party to secure more than power in the state and in the House of Representatives.

A line graph showing which political parties accept controlled the U.South. House of Representatives and Senate over the years. Click to overstate.

Roles of Representatives and Senators

The Firm plays a major function in government, mainly that of initiating all acquirement-based legislation. Whatever proposal to enhance taxes must come from the House, with Senate review and approval. The Senate, on the other mitt, has sole ability of approval on foreign treaties and cabinet and judicial nominations, including appointments to the Supreme Courtroom.

In cases of impeachment (e.g., Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998), the House determines if charges tin can be brought against the official, and a simple majority vote approves or rejects the filing of charges (the impeachment process). If approved, the Senate then serves every bit the investigative/judicial body to determine if the charges merit removing the accused official from his or her office. However, the vote in the Senate has to represent "a significant majority," usually taken to hateful 67 of the 100 votes.

Members of Congress are deemed to be "beyond the power of arrest" while in office, except in cases of treason, murder, or fraud. This stipulation has been used past representatives and senators to avert subpoenas and other judicial procedures. A senator can waive the privilege at any time, just a member of the House has to submit his or her petition to a full general vote. If a simple majority approves, the privilege tin can be waived.

Congress has the power to subpoena any citizen. Noncompliance with a congressional subpoena tin can carry up to a 1-year jail sentence. The instance is heard in a judicial forum, and punishment (a sentence) for those found guilty of "contempt of Congress" is handled strictly by the judicial system.

The succession order in the federal government is president, vice president and then Speaker of the House, the leader of the representatives. The vice president is considered the "president" of the Senate, though he or she is not required or even expected to attend most Senate sessions. The Senate elects a "President Pro Tempore," often the senior, or longest-serving, senator of the bulk party, who is responsible for managing twenty-four hour period-to-day business organization.

Length of Terms

Senators are elected for a six-twelvemonth term, only House representatives merely take two-year terms before they need to seek reelection. Every member of the Business firm is up for ballot or reelection every 2 years, merely the Senate has a staggered organisation wherein merely one-third of the Senators are upwardly for election or reelection every two years. It is possible for the Firm to change to a large extent (in terms of party control) every two years, but changes are slower in the Senate. In both chambers, incumbents have a dandy reward over challengers, winning more than than 90% of all contested races.

Qualifications

To be eligible equally a representative, a person needs to be at least 25 years one-time at the fourth dimension of the election and have lived continuously in the U.Due south. for at least 7 years. To become a senator, one must be at least 30 years old at the time of the election and have lived continuously in the U.S. for at least 9 years. Information technology is not a requirement to be a natural-born citizen in society to get a member of Congress.

Committees

Almost of Congress' work takes place in committees. Both the Firm and Senate take standing, special, conference, and joint committees.

Continuing committees are permanent and provide longer-serving members with power bases. In the House, key committees include Upkeep, Ways and Means, and Armed Services, while the Senate has Appropriations, Foreign Relations, and Judiciary committees. (Some committees exist in both chambers, such every bit Budget, War machine, and Veterans Affairs.) Special committees are temporary, formed to investigate, analyze, and/or evaluate specific issues. Conference committees are formed when legislation is approved in both the Business firm and Senate; they finalize the linguistic communication in legislation. Joint committees feature members of the House and Senate, with leadership of each commission alternating between members of each chamber.

Committees likewise have subcommittees, which are formed to focus more than closely on sure problems. Some have become permanent, but nigh are formed for limited fourth dimension frames. Although useful for zeroing in on key issues, the proliferation of committees, and especially subcommittees, has decentralized the legislative process and significantly slowed it, making Congress less responsive to changing trends and needs.

Debating legislation has stricter rules in the Business firm than in the Senate, applicable at both the committee and whole-body levels. In the House, debate time is restricted and topics are set beforehand, with discussions limited to the agenda. In the Senate, the tactic chosen filibustering is allowed. Once the floor is ceded to a senator, he or she can speak for equally long as the senator chooses, on whatsoever topic; no other concern can be transacted while the person speaks. A filibuster is used to block potential legislation or Senate decisions until a favorable vote can be called. This has resulted in sometimes comically absurd efforts on the role of senators. For instance, during a 2013 filibuster over the Affordable Intendance Deed, Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) read from Green Eggs and Ham.

Origins of Firm and Senate

In general, the House represents the population, while the Senate represents a "landed/large property" populace. In colonial times, the proposed "legislative body" had two models. The Virginia Plan, endorsed by Thomas Jefferson, created a group of representatives based on population sizes, then that more than populous states would have a greater vox in legislative issues. Opposing it was the New Bailiwick of jersey Plan that express each state to the same number of representatives; the plan suggested that there exist something between 2 to five representatives per state. The New Bailiwick of jersey Program was criticized for holding larger states "hostage" to smaller states, as each would have the aforementioned power base. This article in The New Yorker dissects it well:

James Madison and Alexander Hamilton admittedly hated the idea that each state should be entitled to the same number of senators regardless of size. Hamilton was withering on the topic. "As states are a collection of private men," he harangued his fellow-delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, "which ought we to respect most, the rights of the people composing them, or of the artificial beings resulting from the limerick? Null could be more preposterous or absurd than to cede the onetime to the latter."

Per the Connecticut Compromise at the Ramble Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, the United States adopted the bicameral organisation of the English Parliament (i.eastward., House of Lords and House of Commons). The compromise was between the Virginia programme (minor country) and the New Jersey proposal (large state), two competing ideas on whether each state should get equal representation in the federal government or whether representation should be based on population. The compromise established that representatives in the lower house (House of Representatives) will be based on a population number (called a "district") while the upper house (Senate) would contain two representative from each country. It was besides decided that all classes would be eligible to go senators, subject to age and residency restrictions.

References

• Congress.gov
• The Arrangement of Congress - Cliff Notes
• Wikipedia: United States House of Representatives
• Wikipedia: Usa Senate
• Wikipedia: Structure of the United states Congress

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